History
of Garden Herbs
Herbs
have played an important part in man's life for
countless years -- in his politics, romance, love,
religion, health, and superstition.
Celery
was used by the Abyssinians for stuffing pillows.
Ancient Greeks and Romans crowned their heroes
with dill and laurel. Dill also was used by the
Romans to purify the air in their banquet halls.
Some
garden herbs were given magical properties, probably
because of their medicinal uses. The early Chinese
considered artemisia to have special charms. In
France during the Middle Ages, babies were rubbed
with artemisia juices to protect them from the
cold. Ancient Greeks used sweet marjoram as a
valuable tonic, and parsley as a cure for stomach
ailments. Rosemary was eaten in the Middle Ages
for its tranquilizing effects and as a cure-all
for headaches.
Chives,
still common garden herbs often found growing
wild, had economic importance throughout Asia
and many Mediterranean countries. Odd as it seems
now, the early Dutch settlers in this country
intentionally planted chives in the meadows so
cows would give chive-flavored milk.
Mint,
popular garden herbs today, also had its beginnings
early in history. Greek athletes used bruised
mint leaves as an after-bath lotion. In the Middle
Ages, mint was important as a cleansing agent
and later was used to purify drinking water that
had turned stale on long ocean voyages. Mint also
was given mystical powers It was used to neutralize
the "evil eye" and to produce an aggressive
character.
Mustard
was lauded by Hippocrates, the ancient Greek physician,
and Shakespeare called it a desirable condiment
in several of his plays.
Other
garden herbs with importance dating back to early
times include basil, saffron, sage, savory, tarragon,
and thyme.
Early
settlers brought herbs to America for use as remedies
for illnesses, flavoring, storing with linens,
strewing on floors, or burning for their pleasant
fragrances. Some garden herbs were used to improve
the taste of meats in the days before preservation
techniques were developed. Other herbs were used
to dye homespun fabrics.
Herb
gardens were almost an essential feature of pioneer
homes. They were placed in sunny corners near
the house to be readily available to the busy
homemaker. As the population of the new country
grew, people from many nations brought garden
herbs with them. This resulted in an exchange
of slips, seeds, and plants.
Many
herbs familiar to settlers from other countries
were found growing wild in the new country. These
included parsley, anise, pennyroyal, sorrel, watercress,
liverwort, wild leeks, and lavender. American
Indians knew uses for almost every wild, nonpoisonous
plant, but they used the plants chiefly for domestic
purposes -- tanning and dyeing leather and eating.
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